Table 1

Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Endothelial Progenitor Cells

Study	Risk Factor	Patients	Effects on EPC Number	Effect on Function
Vasa et al. (9)	LDL	CAD	↓CD34⁺/KDR⁺cells, NE CFU	↓Migration
	Hypertension		NE	↓Migration
	Smoking		↓Circulating CD34⁺/KDR⁺cells, ↓in culture	NE on migration
Hill et al. (10)	Total cholesterol, LDL	Healthy	↓CFU	ND
Chen et al. (27)	Total cholesterol	CAD	↓In culture	↓Proliferation, migration, adhesion, in vitro vasculogenic capacity
Pellegatta et al. (31)	HDL, triglycerides	Healthy	↓CFU	ND
Loomans et al. (36)	Diabetes	Type 1 diabetes melitus	↓In culture	↓In vitro vasculogenic capacity
Tepper et al. (37)	Diabetes	Type 2 diabetes melitus	↓In culture	↓In vitro vasculogenic capacity
Pistrosch et al. (38)	Diabetes	Type 2 diabetes melitus	NE	↓Adhesion
Kondo et al. (42)	Smoking	Healthy	↓Circulating CD45low/CD34⁺/CD133⁺/KDR⁺cells	ND
Chen et al. (44)	Homocysteine	Healthy	↓In culture	↓Proliferation, migration, adhesion, in vitro vasculogenic capacity
Thum et al. (46)	ADMA	CAD	↓Circulating CD34⁺/CD133⁺cells, ↓CFU	↓Differentiation, in vitro vasculogenic capacity, NO synthase activity

ADMA = asymmetric dimethylarginine; CAD = coronary artery disease; CFU = colony-forming units of EPCs; EPC = endothelial progenitor cell; HDL = high-density lipoprotein; KDR = kinase insert domain receptor; LDL = low-density lipoprotein; ND = no data; NE = no effect; NO = nitric oxide.